Moxibustion is an ancient treatment often associated with acupuncture and other traditional Chinese medicine. Broadly speaking, it can be divided into two categories: direct moxibustion therapy and indirect moxibustion therapy. If you are considering moxibustion, you need to understand these two different types.

What is moxibustion therapy?

Direct and indirection moxibustion are both based around the burning of “moxa”, an incense-like herb made from ground mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). Mugwort is a plant related to the daisy and features in a variety of cuisines as well as medicine. It has been used to treat a range of conditions, including acute and chronic pain, stomach issues and stress. One of its most common applications is in turning breech babies. Most people should be safe when exposed to mugwort, though in some cases, it can cause allergic reactions.

Like acupuncture, moxibustion has its origins in Ancient China, and the two have often been used alongside each other. Both are applied to specific points on the body in an attempt to help the flow of qi, or energy, and bring the body back into balance. Both stimulate blood flow and encourage the body to heal itself. Modern scientific research suggests that the warmth of the burning moxa is responsible for many of its benefits. It widens your blood vessels and relaxes your muscles.

When moxibustion spread throughout Asia, distinctive variations developed. For example, kyotoshin is a specific type of indirect moxibustion found in Japan. Today, moxibustion may still be practised alongside acupuncture, particularly in China. It may also be an alternative for someone who cannot undergo acupuncture due to a medical condition or fear of needles.

What is direct moxibustion?

Direct moxibustion is when the burning moxa is applied directly to your skin, at the same points on your body where acupuncture needles would be inserted. This can be done in several different ways. In Japan, thin threads of moxa are used. Some may argue that direct moxibustion is more effective as you are closer to the moxa, but this also presents an increased risk of burns, especially if you have an inexperienced practitioner. There are steps that can be taken to reduce this risk, such as using refined moxa that burns at a lower temperature and ensuring that it is only burned in thin threads. It is important to avoid particularly sensitive areas of the body. A qualified moxibustion practitioner should know exactly when to remove the moxa to avoid harming the skin.

What is indirect moxibustion?

Indirect moxibustion places something between the burning moxa and your body. This reduces the risk of blistering or scarring, which may be why indirect moxibustion is more common in the West. One form of indirect moxibustion is combined with acupuncture, with the burning moxa being attached to the needles as they are inserted at the relevant acupoints. It is pleasantly warm but should not cause pain or harm to the skin. Other variations may include using a “moxa” box made of bamboo, creating a barrier with salt, ginger or garlic, or even simply holding the burning moxa a few inches away from the skin, close enough for you to feel its heat without making direct contact.

Both direct and indirect moxibustion have advantages and disadvantages. To decide the best moxibustion treatment for you, you need to be fully informed about the differences. A properly qualified and experienced moxibustion practitioner should also be able to advise you, as should your doctor.